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Barbara Weston; ACCESS Centre, Banstead Place also points out the distinction
between remediation and what she terms compensation strategy:
I am aware of the need to draw a firm line between remediation and compensation
strategies, particularly when we are dealing with post 16s. There seem to be a
number of teachers and tutors who are flogging a dead horse in battling
on with teaching designed to remedy problems, rather than produce solutions. This
is a great pity, given that the problem will probably persist. There is a place
for both strategies, I know, but I think that the point should be made.
Jane Kirk, Faculty of Education University of Edinburgh says in a paper commissioned
by the Secretary of State for Education and Employment ,
The nature of difficulties associated with dyslexia can be situational and
the dyslexic person therefore may often benefit more from advice or guidance than
a practical or lengthy support programme. For adults with dyslexia, needs can
be met with compensatory strategies in the workplace or life skills, not remedial
programmes in basic literacy skills.
In the words of P. K. Hardman Ph.D. (Dyslexia Research Institute, Tallahassee,
Florida):
When taught properly, dyslexic adults make exceptional gains in academic
skills. Those gains lead to higher salaries, better employment and more self-sufficiency.
The failure to learn is not the fault of the dyslexic student, who can and will
learn when taught using scientifically proven methods of instruction which match
their learning style. The fault lies with educators who are ignorant of the proper
methods to be used in instruction for a dyslexic who has a different learning
style. (21)
If someone has evident difficulty with rote learning (a characteristic of
some SpLDs) they need to be taught so that information is meaningful, not just
remembered. (22)
All of the above statements refer to the importance of enabling strategies based
on an understanding of the learners strengths and weaknesses and preferred learning
styles, however these must be established first.
References:
(19) IT for Adults with Dyslexia, NCET 1994
(20) Kirk, J & Reid, G. Assessment and Support for Adults with Dyslexia
implications for practice
(21) Paper by Hardman, P.K. Ph.D. Removing the Literacy Barriers to Training
and Employment for Dyslexic/ADD/SLD/Disabled Adults, Dyslexia Research Institute,
Tallahassee, Florida (1999)
(22) Anderson, B. IT and Dyslexia at 16+ (PATOSS) info sheet 3 www.greenwold.freeserve.co.uk/3it.htm
Understanding and Identifying Preferred Learning
Styles
Information about Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences is helpful for all
learners and their tutors. A learning style is a students consistent
way of responding to and using stimuli in the context of learning . (23)
Multiple Intelligence theory is credited to Howard Gardener (24) who isolated
eight types of intelligence (others have since been identified and included).
Although they are not necessarily dependent on each other these intelligences
seldom operate in isolation. Every normal individual possesses varying degrees
of each of these intelligences, but the ways in which intelligences combine and
blend are as varied as the faces and the personalities of individuals. (Howard
Gardner)
When a learners learning style has been identified, coping strategies
that capitalize on their strengths and diminish their weaknesses by building on
their strengths can be developed.
Free interactive assessments of dominant intelligence or preferred learning style
along with numerous practical tips are easily accessible on the LD Pride website,
www.ldpride.net/learningstyles.MI.htm.
References:
(23) file://A\kolb.htm (faulty link Ed.)
(24) Gardner, H; Multiple Intelligences, Basic Books, 1993
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So, in the words of the Dyslexia Institute,
If students cant learn the way we teach, we must teach in the way
that they can learn and extend their abilities. This rings true once again
for all learners. Teaching must target individual learners weaknesses by utilising
their strengths. It must be multisensory, structured, thorough, active and relevant.(25)
It must focus on compensatory strategies for overcoming difficulties rather than
on remediation.
SpLD students need to learn organisation of themselves, their work, their individual
skills of literacy, strategies for successful learning and they need to develop
confidence in themselves as independent learners. For these reasons, IT solutions
are gaining increasing credibility in the realm of SpLD.
IT solutions are constantly being developed, modified and updated so any list
of recommendations is only ever going to be a snapshot of what is available at
the time recommendations are made. This means it is important to examine the best
principles for using IT solutions.
Reference: (25) www.dyslexia-inst.org.uk/articles/prin_teach.htm
Best Principles: Selecting IT Solutions for Adult Learners with SpLDs
and Tutors
Technology and electronic devices are an integral part of our daily lives.
It is not a question of whether or not educators should be using technology to
help dyslexics learn. The main issues are what to use, how to use it and what
are the best principles for its use? Philomena Ott (1997) (26)
When choosing IT it is important to have a clear idea of the users needs
and an understanding of how IT will help. This will ensure that the equipment
chosen is appropriate and useful. Some IT solutions are difficult to master in
their own right and will initially require that the learner has additional support.
This must be built into their learning programme. Tutors need adequate training
to use specific applications.
Apart from a computer (Pentium or higher) or a laptop; a printer and a scanner,
two types of software are advisable (27) as part of a general toolkit for
adults with SpLDs from which individual needs can be addressed. For solo, learner/tutor
or small group work teaching/drill programmes are available for instance Marion
Walkers CD Resource Pack for Tutors of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties
recommended by Fife College Learning Support Unit or the Dyslexia Institutes
Units of Sounds. Touch-typing programmes are available to teach typing
skills.
The other type of software such as word-processors, desktop publishing, spreadsheets
and databases are generally regarded as applications. These can come bundled
e.g. Microsoft Works. Others are specific Inspiration or TextHELP! Read
and Write Gold.
References:
(26) Ott, P How to Detect and Manage Dyslexia, 1997
(27) Anderson, B. IT and Dyslexia at 16+ (PATOSS) info sheet 3 www.greenwold.freeserve.co.uk/3it.htm
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